Rare NMO Condition Affects Few, Strikes Women in 30s and 40s
Neuromyelitis optica (NMO), a rare and chronic autoimmune disease, affects less than 5 people per 100,000. It predominantly strikes women in their 30s and 40s, causing eye pain and vision loss due to attacks on the optic nerve and spinal cord.
NMO is not considered curable, but treatments can manage symptoms and prevent recurrences. Unlike multiple sclerosis (MS), NMO does not directly impact the brain and affects only the nerves. Diagnosis involves reviewing medical history, testing for antibodies in blood or cerebrospinal fluid, and imaging studies like X-rays and MRI scans. The condition arises from the immune system malfunctioning and creating antibodies (anti-AQP4 and anti-MOG) that target specific proteins in the body. Common treatments include biologics, steroids, plasma exchange, immunosuppression, and symptom management. NMO follows a pattern of flares and remissions, which a doctor can help manage. Risk factors include gastrointestinal infections, vitamin D deficiency, smoking, and having other autoimmune diseases. The primary risk factor is an autoimmune mechanism targeting aquaporin-4 positive cells.
Neuromyelitis optica is a rare but serious condition that requires careful management. While not curable, treatments can help reduce symptoms and prevent recurrences. Understanding its distinct characteristics from multiple sclerosis is crucial for effective treatment. If you or someone else experiences symptoms of NMO, consult a healthcare provider promptly.
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