Pregnancy and Ovarian Cysts: A Complicated Relationship
Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs that can develop on the ovaries, a common occurrence among women. These cysts can be categorized into several types, each with different characteristics and symptoms.
## Common Types of Ovarian Cysts
### Functional Cysts
Functional cysts are the most common type of ovarian cysts and are related to the menstrual cycle. They often resolve on their own and are generally harmless. Functional cysts occur when the ovary fails to release an egg or when a follicle continues to grow after ovulation. Many women with functional cysts experience no symptoms, but some may feel mild pelvic discomfort.
### Dermoid Cysts (Benign Neoplastic Cysts)
Dermoid cysts are sac-like, benign growths that can contain hair, teeth, or bone. These cysts can cause discomfort or pain if they grow large or become twisted.
### Cystadenomas (Benign Neoplastic Cysts)
Cystadenomas are benign growths found on the outer surface of the ovaries, filled with fluid or mucus. Large cystadenomas can cause pelvic pain, bloating, and discomfort similar to other non-functional cysts.
### Endometriomas
Endometriomas are cysts that occur due to endometriosis, a condition where uterine tissue grows outside the uterus. Endometriomas can cause pain during periods, pelvic pain, bloating, and discomfort during sexual intercourse. Symptoms can vary from mild to severe.
## Common Symptoms of Ovarian Cysts
- Pain: Sharp or dull pain in the lower abdomen, often on one side. - Pelvic Discomfort: Feeling of heaviness in the abdomen. - Bloating: Swelling in the abdomen. - Digestive and Urinary Changes: Changes in bowel or urinary habits, such as frequent urination or constipation. - Sexual Discomfort: Pain during sexual intercourse.
Large cysts are more likely to cause noticeable symptoms, while smaller ones may remain asymptomatic. Symptoms can vary depending on the type and size of the cyst.
In early pregnancy, keyhole surgery or laparoscopy is normally done to remove ovarian cysts. However, if the cyst is large or develops late in pregnancy, it will be removed through a cut in the tummy (laparotomy), only if required.
Most ovarian cysts are harmless and present little or no discomfort. However, if a cyst grows large enough to cause pain or other risks such as a rupture, it may be surgically taken out, especially if it's before 20 weeks of pregnancy.
Regular pelvic exams can help detect ovarian cysts as early as possible. Changes in the menstrual cycles and unusual symptoms that persist for many cycles are usually indicators and should be reported to the doctor.
If you feel a sudden abdominal pain accompanied by vomiting and fever, it's time to call the doctor. Ovarian torsion can occur when cysts grow large enough to move the ovaries out of place and twist them, causing symptoms such as severe pelvic pain, nausea, and vomiting.
With follow-up scans, it is possible to tell if the cyst has resolved on its own or is growing in size, posing a risk. If symptoms persist or worsen, it is crucial to consult a healthcare provider for further evaluation and treatment.
Parenting during pregnancy involves recognizing and understanding the changes in a woman's body, such as the development of ovarian cysts. These cysts, which can be functional, dermoid, cystadenomas, or endometriomas, can affect health-and-wellness and women's health, causing symptoms like pain, pelvic discomfort, bloating, and digestive and urinary changes. Regular monitoring, including pelvic exams, can help in early detection and treatment of ovarian cysts.
