Opioids and opiates share more similarities than contrasts in their chemical structure, effects, and pharmacology.
Opioids and opiates – two classes of drugs often discussed interchangeably – share many similarities, despite their chemical differences. Here's a lowdown on these pain-relieving substances, and how they can sometimes lead to troublesome territory.
First off, let's clarify the distinction between opiates and opioids: the former originates from natural compounds found in the opium poppy plant, like codeine and morphine. Meanwhile, opioids are synthesized in laboratories and include over 500 different chemical compounds.
However, it's safe to say that for the most part, opiates fall under the opioid umbrella, as they share opioid-like effects. Some drugs, such as hydrocodone and oxycodone, are a mix of natural and lab-made compounds, and are classified as opioids.
Now, let's explore four key similarities between opioids and opiates:
- Affect feelings of pleasure and pain: Both opioids and opiates bind to and activate opioid receptors in the brain, spinal cord, and organs. This interaction diminishes pain messages and triggers a release of dopamine, a neurotransmitter that promotes feelings of pleasure.
- Treat the same conditions: Opioids and opiates provide relief from acute pain, such as surgery or injury, and are used for managing chronic pain conditions as well. They can also be employed for anesthesia, cough suppression, and diarrhea control.
- Cause the same side effects: Common side effects of both opioids and opiates include confusion, drowsiness, nausea, and slowed breathing. Opioids can also prompt feelings of euphoria and constipation.
- Can be misused: Both opioids and opiates carry a risk of misuse and addiction. Misuse can lead to opioid use disorder, involving increased tolerance, powerful cravings, and withdrawal symptoms when use is stopped. Overuse or accidental overdose can even result in death.
In a medical emergency involving overdose, call 911 or your local emergency services. Administer Narcan®, an over-the-counter nasal spray that reverses opioid effects, helping to restore normal breathing. Remember, it's critical to follow your healthcare provider's instructions when taking opioids for a safe and effective treatment course.
Sources:- [1] "Drugs of Abuse." DEA. gov- [2] "Opiates and Opioids." National Institute on Drug Abuse. nida.nih.gov- [3] "Opioids." U.S. Food and Drug Administration. fda.gov- [4] "Opium poppy." Encyclopedia Britannica. britannica.com
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