G6PD Test: Crucial for Detecting Deficiency and Preventing Anemia
A G6PD test, which measures glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) enzyme levels, is crucial for identifying G6PD deficiency. This inherited disorder, common in men of African, Asian, or Mediterranean descent, can lead to hemolytic anemia. Normal G6PD levels range from 8.8 to 13.4 units per gram of hemoglobin (U/gHb).
G6PD deficiency makes red blood cells (RBCs) vulnerable to breaking down, or hemolysis. This can be triggered by certain foods, infections, medications, or stress. Drugs like primaquine and tafenoquine, used for malaria relapse prophylaxis, can cause hemolytic crises in those with G6PD deficiency, making pre-treatment testing essential.
Symptoms of hemolytic anemia, such as enlarged spleen, fainting, fatigue, jaundice, pale skin, rapid heart rate, dark urine, shortness of breath, may prompt a doctor to order a G6PD test. G6PD protects RBCs from harmful byproducts during infections or certain medications by neutralizing reactive oxygen species (ROS).
G6PD deficiency, caused by X-linked recessive transmission, is a significant health concern for men of certain ethnic backgrounds. A G6PD test is vital for early detection and prevention of hemolytic anemia, ensuring appropriate medical care and avoiding potential complications from certain medications.
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